Showing posts with label Muslims. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Muslims. Show all posts

Tuesday, 3 December 2024

Cruising through troubled waters of Sri Lanka politics

Col R Hariharan

Sri Lanka Perspectives November 2024 | South Asia Security Trends, December 2024 | https://www.security-risks.com

President Anura Kumara Dissanayake (popularly known as AKD) led National Peoples Power (NPP)’s landslide victory in the general election in November 2024 two-thirds majority - in parliament, sends many signals. The NPP – which sported Sinhala nationalism as its USP – won 159 seats in most of the seats in 22 of the electoral districts barring Batticaloa. This clearly indicated people all over the country regardless of their ethnicity or religion wanted a change, probably disgusted with the conduct of mainstream national parties.

There are many firsts in AKD’s government. The cabinet of 21 ministers sworn in on November 24 is the smallest ever in Sri Lanka’s democratic history. It has its first woman prime minister in three decades, that too one not belonging to a political family. As every member of the cabinet is a graduate, it is also perhaps the most educated cabinet ever. We are told that among the 21 members are three professors and three doctors—two allopathic ones and the PM herself an academic doctorate holder. All of them come without any political baggage, so people will expect them to maintain it. It is also a cabinet full of the inexperienced, as only two of them including AKD have been ministers earlier. While the ministers have the potential to work smartly, AKD has the additional burden of leading an inexperienced team that will be steering the nation towards progress. They will be expected to go the extra mile to deliver on their promises.

There are other firsts too, like 20 women – mostly from non-political families - have been elected as members of parliament. They include two women MPs Krishnan Kaleychelvi from Nuwara Eliya and Ambika Samuel from Badulla from among the hill country Tamils.

The NPP should be commended for another first – nomination of Sugath Wasantha De Silva, a visually challenged person - to parliament. De Silva is a well-known activist for the rights of the visually impaired and disabled communities. It showed the government has recognised the need for parliamentary representation for the country’s 1.3 million disabled persons.

But ‘firsts’ alone may not help AKD government to cruise through the troubled waters of Sri Lanka politics. The waters are filled with sharks and crocodiles who have been deprived of power. They may be lying low now, but not for long because they are well versed in political shenanigans. AKD must avoid two icebergs – economic progress and ending majoritarian politics – that have the potential to stall, if not sink, his government as earlier governments had done

Economic progress

The NPP had rubbished a crucial deal with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), when President Ranil Wickremesinghe had successfully negotiated the 48 month long IMF programme. In spite of this President Dissanayake has been pragmatic enough to understand it as essential for economic recovery. Shortly after his election as President, AKD had assured a high-powered IMF delegation that his government will implement severe austerity and privatisation measures. So, it was not surprising that IMF reached a staff-level agreement on the third review under the nation’s Extended Fund Facility arrangement. IMF Sri Lanka Senior Mission Chief Peter Breuer urged the government to increase social spending in the upcoming budget. He commended the government for its ambitious reform program but stressed the importance of inclusivity in the nation’s economic recovery. He added “Maintaining macroeconomic stability and restoring debt sustainability is key to securing Sri Lanka’s prosperity and requires persevering with responsible fiscal policy. Continued revenue mobilization efforts and spending restraint are needed to prepare the 2025 budget in line with program objectives.”

It is going to be difficult for the government to soften the impact of tax burden without affecting revenue generation. Similarly, privatisation of state-owned enterprises is not going to be easy as NPP controlled trade unions are against it.

The budget making exercise slated for February 2025 is going to test the skills of the NPP government in the clash between its ideology and IMF conditionalities. Under the circumstances, the news that Sri Lanka has been selected as one of 20 countries to establish a World Bank Group (WBG) integrated office, set to open in July 2025 should be heartwarming to AKD. WBG President Ajay Banga shared the news during a virtual meeting with President Anura Kumara Dissanayake and government officials to discuss Sri Lanka’s future development priorities. The establishment of the integrated South Asia office is expected to improve coordination between the four key WB institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).

Ending Sinhala majoritarian politics

President Dissanayake in his address to parliament has called for a political culture free of racism and divisiveness. He said that democracy does not mean forcing everyone to unite under a single umbrella, but rather letting diverse viewpoints and ethnic interests flourish against the backdrop of multi-party politics. “We do not advocate for one-party rule,” he declared. “It is the responsibility of our government to represent and address the needs and aspirations of all citizens – regardless of whether they voted for us or not.” It showed AKD has recognised Sinhala majoritarian politics practised overtly or covertly by successive governments as the core problem of Sri Lanka.

There are two aspects to Sinhala majoritarian politics. One relates to - managing Tamil nationalist aspirations and the other coming to terms with Muslim community. They are interrelated in some respects because both Tamils and Muslims are wary of their distinct religious, linguistic and cultural identities being subsumed by Sinhala majoritarian politics. In the past, fringe elements of Theravada Buddhism have been let loose against Muslims to achieve political ends of the ruling party. Three decades of Tamil separatist war, provokes latent fears of Sinhalas when Tamil politicians use separatist rhetoric of Tamil nationalism to garner votes even now.

Given this background, the biggest surprise in the general election was NPP winning most of the seats in all the five electoral districts of North and Eastern provinces North except of course Batticaloa. These provinces are populated mostly by Tamils and Muslims. The NPP won three of the six seats in Jaffna in the heartland of Sri Lankan Tamils.  It clearly showed that Tamils cannot be taken for granted by Tamil political parties and leaders by Tamil nationalist rhetoric alone. It was clear tha Tamils, like the Sinhala aspired for a change in national leadership.

This confers a huge responsibility on AKD’s government not only to fulfil longstanding aspirations of Tamils and Muslims that have been promised many times but not met fully so far. At the same time AKD and NPP has to retain its grass roots support among the Sinhala majority nurtured on majoritarian political rhetoric. This is going to be the biggest challenge of AKD government.

The government allowing the people in the North to observe Maaveerar Naal (Heroes Day) on November 27 to honour their deceased relatives in the Eelam wars is a typical case in point. The government clarified that while individuals will not be prevented from remembering their loved ones who died during the country’s civil war. But they must refrain from displaying any logos, uniforms or images related to the LTTE, as it remains a proscribed organisation.This is more easily said, than done, because pro-LTTE rhetoric is the lifeblood of many Tamil parties.

According to a Sunday Times report Tamil politician MK Sivajilingam. organised an event to mark the slain LTTE leader V Prabhakaran’s birthday that fell on the previous day—November 26 at an empty land in Valvettiturai where the ancestral house of Prabhakaran was destroyed by security forces. A banner was put up with the picture of Prabhakaran. Local police got into action immediately to cover the image with tape but allowed the event to go ahead without any disturbances. The newly elected independent Tamil MP from Chavakacheri Dr Archuna Ramanathan has called LTTE leader V Prabhakaran his god in a podcast. Such provocative statements are likely to be exploited by hardline Sinhala leaders fringe elements and opposition parties.

AKD government has one Tamil representative from the North. Ramalingam Chandrasekar, picked by NPP as a national list MP, has been made Minister for Fisheries, a post held for long by Douglas Devananda, the EPDP leader. This is the only ministerial post given to a Tamil representative from Northern Province.

For the first time in Sri Lanka’s history, there is no Muslim in the cabinet. This is perhaps the biggest vulnerability of AKD’s government. Even pro-Rajapaksa Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP), founded on the bedrock of Sinhala majoritarian politics, had a Muslim minister in their cabinet. President Dissanayake has loftily declared that “no one will be allowed to use nationalist or religious rhetoric as a means to gain political power in this country”. Historically such declarations by Presidents came to nought when Sinhala Buddhist fringe elements went on a rampage against Muslims. Muslims have been on the defensive since April 2019 when jihadi elements carried out Easter Sunday bombings killing 269 people including 45 foreigners. Politically, the wounds caused by the jihadi attack have not healed. Findings of inquiries and commissions appointed to look into the jihadi attacks have been mired in controversy. The AKD government is trying to bring the controversy to a closure should be wary of yet another bout of anti-Muslim campaign by mainstream opposition parties.

To sum up, the AKD government’s journey is not going to be easy despite the two-thirds majority enjoyed in parliament. Opposition parties, particularly which have been mauled like the SLPP, are not going to allow the government to fulfil people’s expectations. AKD should have a wider consultative process, beyond his party. He should build bridges with opposition parties and civil society leaders so that there is a broad consensus on key issues that are included in the NPP agenda. It is important to tame Sinhala majoritarianism so that the spirit of nationalism shown by minorities in voting for the NPP to power is rewarded.

[Col R Hariharan VSM, a retired MI specialist on South Asia and terrorism, served as the head of intelligence of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka 1987-90. He is associated with the Chennai Centre for China Studies. Email: haridirect@gmail.com, Website: https://col.hariharan.info



Monday, 4 January 2021

Sri Lanka Perspectives – December 2020: Sri Lanka needs a positive agenda for 2021, after a wasted year

Col R Hariharan |December 31, 2020| South Asia Security Trends | January 2021  www.security-risk.com


The year 2020 will go down as a tumultuous and inglorious year in Sri Lanka’s history. It was a bleak year on many fronts, after huge public expectations were kindled by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s election 2019.  No doubt, the global Covid-19 pandemic contributed to the President’s woes. Its disastrous effect on the already debt-laden economy, brought three major sources of income and employment - tourism, maritime trade and expatriate income – to almost a standstill.

 

President Rajapaksa is known as a hands-on leader, who works with clear goals and a structured approach to problem solving. So, he managed the Covid threat with reasonable success, kept the economy afloat, with some patch-up credit from big powers. He spoke of stimulus package for economic revival and using technology tools to improve governance while explaining his vision in his address to the parliament. He restructured the national security apparatus.

 

As a good military strategist, the first time politician-turned-president, reinforced his power base by successfully holding the general election, in the midst of the pandemic. He cashed on the feeling of insecurity of Therawada Buddhist Sinhala majority, which zoomed after home-grown Jihadi terrorists’ suicide attack on the Easter Sunday in April 2019,  killing 259 people. In the process, his Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) gained two thirds majority support in the parliament, decimating the badly split main opposition - United National Party (UNP).  He minced no words to proclaim a unified Sri Lanka was for the Buddhist majority, who voted him to office, where Tamils and Muslims can live amicably. The die was cast to create him as a modern day Duttagemunu, set to restore the majoritarian pride and ensure a safe and secure country for the Buddhists.

 

President Rajapaksa used his political strength to regain the powers the executive presidency by pushing through the 19th amendment to the Constitution. Within two months in office, he ensured the three Rajapaksa brothers, between them, controlled the ministries of defence, public security, finance, economy and policy development, Buddhasasana and cultural and religious affairs, urban development, water supply and residential facilities. His lack of trust in political leaders came out loud and clear, with creation of a super cabinet of sorts, packed with trusted military veterans and expert bureaucrats to oversee the government ministries performance.

 

The President halted the investigative agencies, like the CID and the Financial Crimes Investigation Division (FCID), which were investigating a number of criminal cases involving the Rajapaksas and military intelligence and naval personnel. Senior officers of these agencies actively working on these cases were hounded out. His Special Presidential Commission (SPC) constituted to probe those responsible for falsely implicating people has recently submitted its report.

 

It is clear that under President Rajapaksa’s dispensation, we have a highly centralised government, with strong military overtones, run on Sinhala Buddhist religious and cultural ethos. Only the President’s writ runs and the rule of law has become a dictated one. This has proclaimed death knell for minority political aspirations for an equitable society. They fear even the few measures taken by the earlier governments to meet some of their aspirations are likely to be undone. The delay in holding provincial council (PC) elections, periodic threat to repeal 13th amendment that created the PC, repeated calls for changing the electoral system, delay in drafting a new constitution and the witch hunting of Muslims by fringe elements in administration and ruling parties are a few examples justifying minority fears. The latest in this series is the administration’s callous refusal to allow burial of Covid victims from Muslim community, as required by Islam, on specious health grounds.

 

The leaders of the badly mauled opposition parties, including Tamil and Muslim minority leaders, are equally guilty for this state of affairs. They should stop looking over the shoulder for external powers, to bail them out of their inability resolve their problems. They are neither united internally, nor networked externally, to evolve a game plan to provide an alternative agenda for the people.

 

President Rajapaksa continues to enjoy unmatched popularity and majority support in parliament. With total control of the government machinery in his hands, he had a great opportunity in 2020 to embark upon resolving long standing national issues stymieing the growth and development. These included ethnic reconciliation, restructuring democratic governance, removing human rights aberrations and restoring rule of law.  Unfortunately, he spent the year in strengthening his position and pandering to those, who politically supported him. He needs to recast his agenda on a broader national format.

 

Otherwise, President Rajapaksa is likely to spend 2021 in trying to manage the fall out of his flawed priorities. In the increasingly networked world, these issues are inextricably woven in Sri Lanka’s in external relations, as much as in internal relations. We can expect Sri Lanka to come under immense pressure in managing the strategic security polemics in the Indo-Pacific region, as China is expected increase its aggressive economic and military muscle flexing, during 2021. This is likely to further constrict President Rajapaksa’s space to do tight rope walking to further Sri Lanka’s national priorities.

 

His agenda should be to build a national consensus for a positive action plan for the year. It should include ethnic reconciliation, restructuring democratic governance, removing human rights aberrations and restoring rule of law. These issues are required to be resolved, because he appears to be the only leader capable to doing it at present. This casts a leadership burden on him, not to satisfy is any external power, but to be known as the true achiever, beyond winning wars.  Will he? The coming year only can tell.

 

 [Col R Hariharan, a retire MI specialist on South Asia and terrorism, served as the head of intelligence of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka 1987-90. E-mail: haridirect@gmail.com  web: https://col.hariharan.info ]

Thursday, 3 September 2020

Why Islamic world ignores Uyghur plight in China?

Col R Hariharan | August 30, 2014| Dinamalar, Chennai |

[Translated from Tamil original published in the daily newspaper.]

Earlier this month, the United States banned the Chinese government-run Xinjiang Production Construction Core (XPCC), a paramilitary and business organization, and two of its top officials for depriving basic rights to Uyghur people working in their organisation.

The action was taken under the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act passed by the United States last May for their actions. At that time, the US Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo said "the ongoing human rights abuses by the Chinese Communist Party in Xinjiang, especially against the Uyghur people and other Islamic minorities, are the biggest black spot of this century." He also listed China's ongoing actions against the Uyghurs including repression, incarceration of civilians without cause, constant surveillance, forced labour and compulsory family planning.

The Chinese government has condemned the United States, saying it was "constantly interfering in China's internal affairs" and warned that the government would take appropriate action. This could be considered a major turning point in the rapidly declining US-China relationship.

In the world affected by the continuing Cold War between these two great nations, the attention is turning towards Uyghur people. As a result, support for them is growing in many countries. But Muslims of the world have not been so sympathetic to Uyghur Muslims.

Who are Uyghurs?

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, on the north western tip of China, is the largest part of the country. Of the 218 million people of 40 ethnic groups living there, more than 113 million are Uyghur Muslims. Uyghurs are of Turkik descent living in the area since the fourth century. The Uyghur language is also of the same descent.

According to history, though they came under Chinese domination from time to time, the Uyghur people invariably managed to regain their power to rule. Uyghurs of the region twice managed to form the independent state of "Republic of East Turkestan". It functioned as an independent country in 1933 and for a second time from 1944 to 1949. However, after the Chinese Communist government came to power in 1949, it brought the region under the complete control of China.

Chinese Communist Domination

During the Mao Zedong regime in 1955, Chinese troops and veterans were resettled in the region and the now-banned XPCCC, the para military manufacturing company, was formed. After that, the Chinese government has been resettling the Han Chinese population in the region. As a result, the proportion of the Uyghur ethnic majority has been declining. In addition, it has been reported that last year, the birth rate among the Uyghurs fell by 80 percent below the national average, thanks to government efforts to reduce the Uyghur population, though China attributes it to better education and family planning awareness.

Several Uyghur liberation movements have emerged to oppose the increasing dominance of the Chinese. The most important of these are the East Turkestan Liberation Organization and the East Turkestan Liberation Movement. Outside China, there are a total of 1.6 million Uyghurs living in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkey and Kazakhstan.

They along with Uyghurs who have immigrated to the Gulf countries, Saudi Arabia, the United States and Europe, have formed the "World Uyghur Congress." It had been exposing China's ongoing atrocities against the Uyghur people at the global level.

In Afghanistan, many Uyghurs took part in the Al Qaeda Islamic extremist movement started by Osama bin Laden. Since then, Uyghur Islamic extremism has become a nightmare for China. Fearing its impact, China is monitoring the activities of the Uyghur people, who work in Pakistan and the Gulf countries with the help of local governments.

A violent anti-Chinese riot erupted in July 2009 in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang. The Uyghur population attacked the Chinese population, properties, shops and companies. The government had to use the Public Security Force, a paramilitary force, to bring the situation under control.

According to the government, a total of 197 people were killed and 1721 injured in the attacks that followed the riots. according Most of them were Uyghurs. Since then, the Chinese government has taken a number of steps toward crush independence struggles of not only the Uyghur but also the Tibetan minorities.

The new Terrorism Act, deprives even the right include to talk of secession. In order to improve the Public Security Force, they have been brought under military control. There is camera surveillance of people in public places.  ‘Alternative education’ halls are being run to brainwash Uyghur people gradually. This is in keeping with the government’s ongoing efforts to control the activities of Islam and Christianity in China.

In the aftermath of the Uyghur riots, Islamic prayer, and all religious activities, have been brought under state control. Madrassas are banned. Prayer halls are allowed to operate only under the supervision of the government. In addition, fasting during Ramadan, the use of halal meat, and the wearing of Islamic symbols such as Uyghur clothing and keeping of beard are prohibited. These concerted efforts by the Chinese government have cramped the work environment of tens of thousands of Uyghurs intellectuals, teachers, clergy and journalists creating enormous pressure on them.

Brainwashing camps

According to a report published by the UN in 2018, more than a million Uyghur Muslims have been imprisoned in alternative education detention camps since 2017. They are being brainwashed in these camps in the name of alternative education in order to forget their religion and culture, the report added. However, according to several media reports, there are more than five million Uyghurs in these detention camp. In these brainwashing camps, Uyghur men and women separated from their families, are kept in solitary confinement. They are taught the Chinese language, the principles of the Chinese Communist Party, and the ideology of Chinese Prime Minister Xi Jinping as a compulsory subject, forgetting the Islamic religion and renouncing Uyghur culture.

The Xinjiang region is vital to China's security because it borders Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. In China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, China’s ambitious infrastructure initiative begins in Kashgar, Xinjiang's main city. The multi-pronged project continues through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and ends in the Arabian Sea port of Gwadar. Therefore, Xinjiang region will increasingly play an important role in the emerging China-Pakistan defence strategy against India.

Pakistan’s double role

The human rights abuses that China has unleashed on the Uyghur Muslim population over the years continue to be criticized in the world media. Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, who daily screams that Muslims are being wiped out in India and their rights are being eroded in Kashmir strangely does not notice the plight of Uighur Muslims, who form the majority Xinjiang region on Pakistan’s northern border. When asked, strangely Imran Khan says he does not know the details about it. PM Imran Khan has no choice but to play dumb charade because Pakistan owes a great deal to China to survive its economic crisis. The silence of the Pakistani people on the issue, shows how deeply China has been able to influence them.

It is not just Pakistan; even the World Islamic Council, created for the protection of the Islamic people, has never spoken out against China. Perhaps in the eyes of the Islamic world, China's actions to separate Uighur Islamists from their families, suppress their fundamental rights and imprison them in so-called "hotels" are better ignored. There are two reasons for this ‘double vision’ of Islamic countries.

 

 

 

One, they are influenced by China’s money power in various ways. So, they suppress any hate-China comments. For example, in July last year, 22 countries, including the United States, Australia, Britain, France and Japan, wrote to the President of the UN Human Rights Council. In it, they expressed their concern about Chinese government's actions violating the human rights of the Uyghur people in China. They also demanded that the Chinese government lift such restrictions.

But there was not a single Islamic country among the 22 countries! In response, 55 countries issued a rejoinder addressed to the President of the UN Human Rights Council expressing their support for China's stand on the Xinjiang issue. The countries included Islamic countries including Turkey and Saudi Arabia, as well as Pakistan. However, only the Gulf state of Qatar withdrew its support for the letter, claiming that the Uyghur Islamic people were suffering human rights abuses in China.

Democracy and human rights are only nominal in  vast majority of countries that support China's position on Xinjiang Muslims. In practice, many of these countries’ rulers are notorious for human rights abuses. So probably, the human rights abuses of the Uyghur people does not seem to have created a major impact on them. Why criticize those countries only? The various Islamic organizations and parties operating in our own country do not care to bother about the plight of the Uyghurs. They seem to have made no effort in favour of the Uyghur people.

India’s position

India continues to be neutral on the Uyghur issue, avoiding criticism of the Chinese government. Will India change its position, in view of the ongoing standoff Indo-Chinese relationship? In this regard, we must remember China's recent abortive attempt to bring up the Kashmir issue at the UN, in support of Pakistan. In view of this, I find nothing wrong with India expressing its concern over China's violation of human rights of  the Uyghur. Why are we not doing it?

Tuesday, 1 September 2020

உய்கூரை கண்டு கொள்ளாத உலக முஸ்லீம்கள்

கர்னல் ஆர் ஹரிஹரன்

சிந்தனைக் களம் | தினமலர்| ஆகஸ்டு 30, 2020

https://www.dinamalar.com/news_detail.asp?id=2604418


இம்மாதம் முதல் தேதி, சீன அரசால் இயக்கப்படும் ‘ஷின்ஜியாங் புரொடக்ஷன் கன்ஸ்ட்ரக்ஷன் கோர் (எக்ஸ்.பி.சீ.சீ.)’, என்ற, துணை ராணுவம் மற்றும் வியாபார அமைப்பையும், அதன் இரண்டு உயர் அதிகாரிகளையும், அமெரிக்கா தடை செய்துள்ளது. அந்த அமைப்பின் கீழ் வேலை செய்யும் உய்கூர் மக்களின், அடிப்படை உரிமைகளை பறிக்கும் வகையில்

அவர்கள் செயல்பட்டதற்காக, கடந்த மே மாதம், அமெரிக்கா நிறைவேற்றிய உய்கூர் மனித உரிமைக் கொள்கைச் சட்டத்தின் கீழ், இந்த நடவடிக்கை எடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.

 

 அப்போது, அமெரிக்க வெளியுறவு செயலாளரான மைக் பொம்பியோ, “சீன கம்யூனிஸ்டு கட்சி ஷின்ஜியாங் பகுதியில், குறிப்பாக உய்கூர் மக்கள் மீதும், இதர இஸ்லாமிய  சிறுபான்மையினர் மீதும், நடத்தி வரும் மனித உரிமை மீறல்கள், இந்த நூற்றாண்டின் மிகப் பெரிய கரும்புள்ளியாகும்” என்று குறிப்பிட்டார். மேலும் அவர், சீனா தொடர்ந்து, உய்கூர் இனத்தவருக்கு எதிராக  நடத்திவரும் செயல்களை பட்டியிலிட்டுக் காட்டினார். அவற்றில் அடக்குமுறை, பொது  மக்களை காரணமில்லாமல் சிறையில் அடைத்தல், தொடர்ந்த கண்காணிப்பு, கொத்தடிமையாக்கி வேலை வாங்குதல்,  கட்டாய குடும்பக் கட்டுபாடு, ஆகிய, அத்து மீறல்கள் அடங்கும்.

 

இதற்காக அமெரிக்காவை கண்டித்த சீன அரசு, ‘இது சீனாவின் உள்நாட்டு விவகாரத்தில், அமெரிக்கா தொடர்ந்து தலையிடும் வேலை என்று சொல்லி, அதற்கு தக்க பதில் நடவடிக்கைகளை அரசு எடுக்கும் என்று எச்சரித்துள்ளது.  இது விரைவாக சரிந்துவரும், அமெரிக்க-சீன உறவில் பெரிய திருப்பு முனை என்று கருதலாம்.

 

ஏற்கனவே, இந்த இரு பெரும் நாடுகளின் இடையே தொடரும் பனிப்போரால் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட உலகநாடுகளின் பார்வை, ஷின்ஜியாங்கில், உய்கூர் மக்களின் பக்கம் இப்போது திரும்பியுள்ளது. அதானல், அவர்களுக்கு பல நாடுகளில் ஆதரவு பெருகி வருகிறது. ஆனால், உலக முஸ்லிம்கள், உய்கூர் முஸ்லிம்களை கண்டு கொள்ளவில்லை.

 

உய்கூர் மக்கள் யார்?

 

சீனாவின் வடமேற்கு கோடியில் உள்ள ஷின்ஜியாங்கில் உய்கூர் தன்னாட்சி பிரதேசம், அந்நாட்டின் மிகப் பெரிய பகுதியாகும். அங்கே வாழும், 40 இனங்களைச் சார்ந்த 2.18 கோடி மக்களில், 1.13 கோடிக்கும் மேற்பட்டோர், உய்கூர் இன இஸ்லாமிய மக்களாகும். உய்கூர் மக்கள் துருக்கிக் வம்சாவளியில் வந்தவர்கள்; இவர்கள் பேசுவதும், அதே வம்சாவளி சார்ந்த உய்கூர் மொழியாகும். இவர்கள், இந்தப் பகுதியில் நான்காம் நூற்றாண்டிலிருந்து வசித்து வருகின்றனர்.

 

இடையில், அவ்வப்போது, அவர்கள் சீன ஆதிக்கத்தின் கீழ் வந்தாலும், உய்கூர் மக்கள், மீண்டும் அதிகாரத்தை மீட்டு, தங்கள் ஆட்சியை நடத்தியதாக, சரித்திரம் கூறுகிறது. இந்தப் பகுதி, “கிழக்கு துருக்கிஸ்தான் குடியரசு” என்ற பெயரில் சுதந்திர நாடாக, இரு முறை உருவாயிற்று.  முதன் முறையாக 1933, இரண்டாம் முறையாக 1944 முதல் 1949 வரையிலும், சுதந்திர நாடாக செயல்பட்டது.  எனினும், 1949ல், சீன கம்யூனிஸ்டு அரசு பதவிக்கு வந்த பின்பு, அப்பகுதி, சீனாவின் முழுமையான கட்டுப்பாட்டின் கீழ் கொண்டு வரப்பட்டது.

 

சீன கம்யூனிஸ்டு ஆதிக்கம்

 

மா சேதுங் ஆட்சி காலத்தில், 1955ல், முன்னாள் சீன ராணுவ வீரர்களை அந்தப் பிரதேசத்தில் குடியேற்றி, தற்போது தடை செய்யப்பட்டுள்ள, எக்ஸ்.பி.சீ.சீ உற்பத்தி நிறுவனம் உருவாக்கப்பட்டது. அதைத் தொடர்ந்து, சீன அரசு, நாட்டின் பெரும்பான்மை மக்களான ஹான் சீனர்களை, அங்கே குடியேற்றி வருகிறது. அதன் விளைவாக, அங்கே உய்கூர் இன பெரும் பான்மையினரின் ஆளுமையை குறைந்து கொண்டே வருகிறது. அரசு மறைமுகமாக, உய்கூர் மக்கள் குழந்தைப் பேரை குறைக்க எடுத்துள்ள முயற்சிகளால், சென்ற ஆண்டு, அந்த மக்களிடையே பிறப்பு விகிதம், தேசிய அளவை விட, 80 சதவிகிதம் குறைந்துள்ளது.

 

உய்கூர் மக்களின் சீன எதிர்ப்பு

 

சீனர்கள் ஆதிக்கம் அதிகரிப்பதை எதிர்த்து, பல உய்கூர் விடுதலை இயக்கங்கள் தோன்றியுள்ளன. அவற்றில் முக்கியமானவை கிழக்கு துருக்கிஸ்தான் விடுதலை அமைப்பு, மற்றும் கிழக்கு துருக்கிஸ்தான் விடுதலை இயக்கம் ஆகியவையாகும். சீனாவைத் தவிர,  கிர்கிஸ்தான், உஸ்பெகிஸ்தான், துருக்கி, கஜக்கஸ்தான் ஆகிய நாடுகளிலும் ஒட்டு மொத்தமாக 16 லட்சம் உய்கூர் மக்கள் வாழ்கிறார்கள். 

 

அவர்களும், வளைகுடா நாடுகள், சவுதி அரேபியா, அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் ஐரோப்பாவில் குடியேறிய உய்கூர் மக்களும் ஒருங்கிணைந்து “உலக உய்கூர் காங்கிரஸ்,” என்ற உய்கூர் அமைப்பை நடத்தி வருகின்றனர். அதன் மூலம், சீனா உய்கூர் மக்களுக்கு எதிராகத் தொடர்ந்து நடத்தி வரும் அட்டூழியங்களை, உலக அளவில்  விளக்கி வருகின்றனர்.

 

ஆப்கானிஸ்தானில், ஒசாமா பின் லாடன் துவக்கிய, அல் கயிதா இஸ்லாமிய தீவிர வாத இயக்கத்தில், உய்கூர் மக்களில் பலர், பங்கேற்றனர். அதன் பின், சீனாவுக்கு  உய்கூர் இஸ்லாமிய தீவிரவாதம் சிம்ம சொப்பனம் ஆகிவிட்டது.  அந்த இயக்கத்தின் தாக்கத்துக்கு பயந்து, பாகிஸ்தான், மற்றும் வளைகுடா நாடுகளில் வேலை செய்யும், உய்கூர் மக்களின் நடவடிக்கைகளை அந்த நாட்டு அரசுகளின் உதவியோடு, சீனா கண்காணித்து வருகிறது.  ஷின்ஜியாங்கின் தலைநகரான உரும்சீயில், 2009ம் ஆண்டு ஜூலை மாதம், வெடித்த பயங்கரமான சீன எதிர்ப்பு கலவரம், சீன அரசுக்கு பெரும் கலக்கத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியது. அப்போது, உய்கூர் மக்கள் சீனர்களையும், அவர்களுக்கு சொந்தமான கடைகளையும், நிறுவனங்களையும் அடித்து நொருக்கி தாக்கினார்கள். நிலமையை கட்டுக்கு கொண்டு வர, அரசு, சீன பொது பாதுகாப்பு படை உபயோகித்தது.

 

அரசின் அறிக்கைப் படி, இந்தக் கலவரத்தைத் தொடர்ந்த தாக்குதல்களில் ஒட்டு மொத்தமாக 197 பேர் கொல்லப் பட்டார்கள், மேலும் 1721 பேர் காயமடைந்தார்கள். அவர்களில் பெரும்பாலானோர் உய்கூர் மக்களாகும்.  அதன் பிறகு சீன அரசு, உய்கூர் மற்றும் திபெத் சிறுபான்மையினரின் சுதந்திரப் போராட்டங்களை ஒட்டு மொத்தமாக  பல நடவடிக்கைகளை மேற்கொண்டது.

 

அவற்றில், தனிநாடு பற்றி பேசக்கூடாது; அதற்கான உரிமையைப் பரிக்கும் புதிய தீவிரவாதச் சட்டம்; பொது பாதுகாப்பு படையின் பயிற்சி செயலாக்கம் ஆகியவற்றில் முன்னேற்றம் காண, அந்தப் படையை ராணுவக் கட்டுப்பாட்டில் கொண்டுவந்தது, பொது இடங்களில் காமிரா மூலம் மக்களை கண்காணிப்பது, உய்கூர் மக்களின் மூளைச்சலவை செய்ய இயங்கும் ‘மாற்றுக் கல்வி” கூடங்கள் ஆகியவையும், படிப்படியாக செய்யப்பட்டன.  அடங்கும்.  ஏற்கனவே, சீனாவில் இஸ்லாம், கிறிஸ்துவ மதம் ஆகியவற்றின் செயல்களை அரசு கட்டுப்பாட்டில் வைக்க பல முயற்சிகளை தொடரந்து மேற்கொண்டு வருகிறது.

 

உய்கூர் கலவரத்தின் பின்பு, இஸ்லாமியர் தொழுகை, மற்றும் எல்லா மதம் சார்ந்த எல்லா செயல்களும், அரசின் கட்டுப்பாட்டின் கீழ் கொண்டு வரப்பட்டுள்ளன. மதரசாக்கள் தடை செய்யப் பட்டுள்ளன. தொழுகை இடங்களும் அரசின் மேற்பார்வையில் மட்டுமே இயங்குக அனுமதிக்கப் படுகின்றன. மேலும், ரம்ஜான் விரதம், ஹலால் இறைச்சி உபயோகம், பொது இடங்களில் உய்கூர் அணியும் இஸ்லாமிய அடையாளங்களான உடை, தாடிவைத்துக் கொள்ளுதல் ஆகியவை தடை செய்யப் பட்டுள்ளன. 

 

சீன அரசின் ஒருங்கிணைந்த இந்த முயற்சிகளால் பல்லாயிரக்கணக்கான உய்கூர் மக்கள், அறிவு ஜீவிகளும், ஆசிரியர்கள், மதபோதகர்கள், செய்தியாளர்கள் உட்பட, சுதந்திரமாக செயல்

பட முடியாமல் தவிக்கிறார்கள்.

 

மூளைச் சலவை முகாம்கள்

 

ஐ.நா.வால் 2018ல் பிரசுரிக்கப்பட்ட அறிக்கையின்படி, 2017ம் ஆண்டிலிருந்து, 10 லட்சத்துக்கும் மேற்பட்ட உய்கூர் இஸ்லாமியர்கள், மாற்றுக் கல்வி தடுப்பு முகாம்களில் அடைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளனர். அங்கே, அவர்கள் தங்களது மதத்தையும், கலாசாரத்தையும் மறக்க,  மாற்றுக் கல்வி என்ற பெயரில் மூளைச்சலவை செய்யப் பட்டு வருவதாக, அந்த அறிக்கை கூறுகிறது. ஆனால், பல ஊடகச் செய்திகளின் படி, தடுப்பு முகாமில் 50 லட்சத்துக்கும் மேற்பட்ட உய்கூர் மக்கள் உள்ளனர். இந்த மூளைச்சலவை முகாம்களில், தங்கள் குடும்பங்களில் இருந்து தனியாக பிரிக்கப்பட்ட உய்கூர் இன ஆண்களும், பெண்களும் அடைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளனர். அவர்களுக்கு இஸ்லாமிய மதத்தை மறந்து, உய்கூர் கலாச்சாரத்தை துறந்து, சீன மொழி, சீன கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சியின் கோட்பாடுகள், சீன பிரதமர் ஷீ ஜின்பிங்கின் சித்தாந்தகள் ஆகியவை  கட்டாய பாடமாக கற்பிக்கப் படுகின்றன.  

 

ஷின்ஜியாங்க் பகுதி சீனாவின் பாதுகாப்புக்கு உயிர் நாடியாகும். ஏனெனில், அதன் எல்லை ரஷ்யா, கஜகஸ்தான், மங்கோலியா, ஆப்கானிஸ்தான்ஆகிய  நாடுகளையும், மற்றும் பாகிஸ்தான் ஆக்கிரமிப்பில் உள்ள காஷ்மீர் பகுதியையும் தொட்டுள்ளது. ஷின்ஜியாங்கின் முக்கிய நகரமான கஷ்காரில், சீனா கட்டமைத்து வரும், சீன-பாகிஸ்தான் பொருளாதார பன்முனைத் திட்டம் தொடங்குகிறது. இந்த பன்முனைத் திட்டம் பாகிஸ்தான் ஆக்கிரமிப்பில் உள்ள காஷ்மீர் பகுதி வழியாக தொடர்ந்து, அரபிக் கடல் துறைமுகமான குவாதாரில் முடிகிறது. ஆகவே, இந்தியாவுக்கு எதிராக உருவாகும் சீனா-பாகிஸ்தான் பாதுகாப்பு வியூகத்துக்கு, ஷின்ஜியாங் பகுதி மிக முக்கிய அங்கம் வகிக்கிறது. 

 

பாக். இரட்டை வேடம்

 

உய்கூர் இஸ்லாமிய மக்கள் மீது சீனா பல ஆண்டுகளாக கட்டவிழ்த்து விட்டுள்ள மனித உரிமை மீறல்கள், உலக ஊடகங்களில் தொடர்ந்து விமரிசனிக்கப் பட்டு வருகின்றன. அப்படி இருந்தும், இந்தியாவில் இஸ்லாமியர்கள் அழிக்கப் படுகிறார்கள், காஷ்மீரில் அவர்கள் உரிமைகள் பரிபோகின்றன என்று தினசரி கூக்குரலிடும் பாகிஸ்தான் பிரதமர் இம்ரான் கான் கண்ணுக்கு, வடக்கு எல்லையில் உள்ள சீனாவின் ஷின்ஜியாங் பகுதி பெரும்பான்மையினரான உய்கூர் இஸ்லாமிய மக்கள் எதிர் கொள்ளும் அவலங்கள் தென்படவில்லை. கேட்டால், அதைப் பற்றிய விவரம் தனக்கு தெரியாது என்று இம்ரான் சொல்வது வினோதமானது. பாகிஸ்தான், வேகமாக சரியும் பொருளாதார நெருக்கடியை சமாளிக்க, சீனாவுக்கு பெருமளவு கடன்பட்டுள்ளது.  

 

ஆகவே இம்ரானுக்கு வேறு வழி இல்லை. ஆனால் பாகிஸ்தான் மக்களும் இந்த விஷயத்தில் மௌனம் காப்பது, அவர்களிடையே, சீனாவின் ஆளுமை எவ்வளவு அடிப்படைத் தாக்கத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியுள்ளது, என்பதைக் காட்டுகிறது. 

 

பாகிஸ்தான் மட்டுமல்ல; இஸ்லாமிய மக்களின் பாதுகாப்புக்காக உருவாக்கப் பட்ட உலக இஸ்லாமிய பேரவையும் இதுவரை சீனாவைக் கண்டித்து பேசியதே இல்லை. ஏனெனில், இஸ்லாமிய நாடுகளின் கண்ணுக்கும், சீனா தொடர்ந்து உய்கூர் இஸ்லாமியர்களை தமது குடும்பத்தினரிடம் இருந்து பிரித்து, அவர்கள் அடிப்படை உரிமைகளை ஒடுக்கி, பெயரளவில் "விடுதிகள்" என்று கூறப்படும் சிறைகளில் அடைக்கப்படும் சீனாவின் செயல்கள் தெரிவதில்லை.   இஸ்லாமிய நாடுகளின் இந்த இரட்டை வேடத்திற்கு இரண்டு காரணங்கள் உள்ளன.

 

ஒன்று, அவை சீனாவின் பணபலத்தின் தாக்கத்தால் பல்வேறு வழிகளில் பாதிப்புக்கு உள்ளாகி இருக்கின்றன. ஆகவே சீனாவைப் பகைக்கும் எந்த விதமான கருத்துக்களையும் அடக்கியே வாசிக்கின்றன. உதாரணமாக, கடந்த ஆண்டு ஜூலை மாதம், ஐ.நா. மனித உரிமை கௌன்சில் தலைவருக்கு, அமெரிக்கா, ஆஸ்திரேலியா, பிரிட்டன், பிரான்ஸ், ஜப்பான் ஆகிய உட்பட, 22 நாடுகள் ஒரு கடிதம் எழுதின. அதில் சீனாவில் உய்கூர் மக்களின் மனித உரிமைகளைப் பரிக்கும் அரசின் செயல்பாட்டைப் பற்றி தங்கள் கவலையைத் தெரிவித்தன. அத்தகைய கட்டுப்பாடுகளை விலக்க சீன அரசை கோருவதாகவும் கூறின.

 

ஆனால் அந்த 22 நாடுகளில் ஒன்று கூட இஸ்லாமிய நாடு இல்லை!  அதற்கு பதிலடியாக, அதே மாதாத்தில் 55 நாடுகள் ஐ.நா. மனித உரிமை கௌன்சிலின் தலைவருக்கு ஷின்ஜியாங்கில், சீனா மேற்கொண்ட நிலைபாட்டுக்கு தங்கள் ஆதரவைத் தெரிவித்தன. அவற்றில் துருக்கி, சவுதி உட்பட மற்ற அரேபிய நாடுகளும் பாகிஸ்தானும் அடங்கும். பிறகு குடா நாடான கட்டர் நாடு மட்டும், உய்கூர் இஸ்லாமிய மக்கள் மனித உரிமைகள் போய் அவதிப்படுவதாக கூறி, அந்தக் கடிதத்திற்கு அளித்த ஆதரவை, விலக்கிக் கொண்டது.

 

சீனாவின் நிலைப்பாட்டை ஆதரிக்கும் பெரும் பான்மையான  நாடுகளில், ஜனநாயக மற்றும் மனித உரிமைகள் பெயரளவில் மட்டுமே உள்ளன. செயலளவில், அந்நாட்டு ஆட்சியாளர்கள் பலர், மனித உரிமை மீறல்களுக்கு பெயர் போனவர்கள். ஆகவே உய்கூர் மக்களின் மனித உரிமை பரிபோவது, அவர்களுக்கு பெரிய பாதிப்பாகத் தெரியவில்லை.  அந்த நாடுகளை ஏன் குறை சொல்லவேண்டும்? நமது நாட்டில் இயங்கும் பல்வேறு இஸ்லாமிய அமைப்புக்களும், கட்சிகளும் இந்த விஷயத்தில், உய்கூர் மக்களுக்கு ஆதரவாக பெரும் முயற்சி எதுவும் எடுக்காதது ஏன் என்பது புரியவில்லை.

 

நிலைப்பாட்டை மாற்றுமா?

 

இந்தியா தொடர்ந்து உய்கூர் விவகாரத்தில், சீனாவைப் பற்றி அரசு ரீதியாக விமரிசிக்காமல், நடுநிலையாக செயல்பட்டு வருகிறது. தற்போது, தொடரும் இந்திய சீன உறவில் தொடரும் விரிசல் காரணமாக இந்தியா தனது நிலைப்பாட்டை மாற்றுமா? இந்த விஷயத்தில், பாகிஸ்தானுக்கு ஆதரவாக காஷ்மீர் பிரச்சினையை ஐ.நா.வில் விவாதிக்க சீனா அண்மையில் எடுத்த முயற்சியை, நாம் நினைவில் கொள்ள வேண்டும். ஆகவே, அதற்கு பதிலாக, இந்தியா உய்கூர் விவகாரத்தில், சீனாவின் நிலைபாட்டை பற்றிய தனது கவலையை வெளிப்படையாக தெரிவிப்பதில் தவறு ஏதும் இருக்கப் போவதில்லை. எனினும் அவ்வறு செய்ய மறுக்கின்றது!

 

 

Thursday, 4 July 2019

Sri Lanka Perspectives: June 2019

 Col R Hariharan | 30-6-2019 | Courtesy: South Asia Security Trends, May 2019 | www.security-risks.com |

Follow up actions

During the month, Sri Lanka continued to struggle to recover from the after-shock of Easter Sunday suicide attacks by National Thowheed Jamath (NTJ) terrorists. It brought the nation’s life line - the tourism industry – to a grinding halt with many countries including India, issuing travel advisories against visiting Sri Lanka; however, these were either withdrawn or toned down in the first two weeks of the month. Despite this tourist arrivals continue to languish.

Under these circumstances, the short visit of PM Narendra Modi at the start of his second tenure to Colombo, the first by a foreign leader after the terror attacks, was welcomed in Sri Lanka. His trip indicated India’s show of solidarity with Sri Lanka in times of distress. During his brief visit, PM Modi held discussions with all the main actors, including the President, the PM and the Leader of Opposition Mahinda Rajapaksa. We can expect the visit to result in greater cooperation and coordination between the intelligence and security agencies in the counter terrorism efforts of both countries.

The political gridlock between President Maithripala Sirisena and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe continued to dog the performance of the government.  The Parliamentary Select Committee (PSC) inquiry has revealed startling details of systemic failure which resulted in preventing the Easter Day attacks, despite prior information. The testimonies of former Defence Secretary Fernando, sacked IG Jayasundara and the former SIS chief Mendis have revealed serious gaps in communication and coordination between the SIS and other security arms of the government, though all of them functioned under the President. Overall, their evidence revealed lack of security consciousness in the functioning of the departments under the President.

The President has claimed the PSC was “a drama scripted at Temple Trees” (PM’s official residence), forbidding officials from responding to the PSC. For political reasons the Joint Opposition, the SLFP and former President Rajapaksa’s Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) have boycotted the PSC. Even PM Wickremesinghe and the UNP members have been indifferent in following the PSC proceedings. All parties seem to be more interested in fielding a no confidence motion against former minister Rishad Bathiudeen, leader of the All Ceylon Makkal Congress (ACMC), which has become a bone of contention between the opposition and the UNP.   

Security agencies in their follow up action have arrested about 2,389 suspects; 186 of them are being detained under the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA).  Based on the information given by one of the five suspects arrested in Jeddah and brought back to Sri Lanka, police have recovered over 300 gelignite sticks, 1000 detonators, 485 rounds of T56 ammunition and several other explosive material in Kattankudy. The Ibrahim family, which produced two of the nine terrorists who took part in the Easter Day attacks, is being investigated thoroughly for its sources of finance and political affiliations with Muslim leaders like Bathiudeen. The Indian National Investigation Agency (NIA) acting upon information provided by Sri Lanka arrested IS sympathisers in Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu who had social media links of NTJ chief  Zahran. The NIA arrested Mohammed Azharudeen, said to be the mastermind of the IS Tamil Nadu module on June 12, 2019. 

As a part of tightening its security, Sri Lanka proposes to deport about 8000 foreigners who are overstaying their visas. These include among others, 1680 Indians, 936 Pakistanis and 683 Chinese.  

Anti-Muslim backlash

However, after the outburst of anti-Muslim riots in the northwest, Buddhist nationalist fringe continued to whip up anti-Muslim hate narrative targeting Muslim leaders and Muslim owned business. Many political leaders supported the Buddhist monk and parliamentarian - Athurelive Rathana Thero - when he went on indefinite fast in Kandy demanding the removal of Muslim governors Azath Salley and MLAM Hizbullah and cabinet minister Rishad Bathiudeen for alleged links with Islamic radical organisations. Thousands of people marched in support of the demand, forcing the two Muslim governors and nine Muslim ministers to resign en masse. The episode dramatically showed the effect of growing anti-Muslim narrative in the socio-political discourse.

Leaders of Muslim community leaders have repeatedly been appealing to Muslims to fully cooperate with the government. In spite of this, hasty and overzealous actions by the police has increased the feeling of insecurity among Muslims. Typical was the arrest and detention of  Dr Mohammad Shafi of the Kurunegala Teaching Hospital for over a month under the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA),  based on rumours of the doctor carrying out 4000  illegal sterilizations of Sinhalese women. The CID’s 200-page report on the case filed before the Kurunegala magistrate court revealed Kurnegala police officials’ elaborate plot to frame the doctor and use the media to create panic to justify his arrest. Police high command is said to be mulling action against the police officers suspected to be involved in the plot.  

In Puttalam district in the Northwestern province, Wennappuwa local body chairman Susantha Perera, belonging to Mahinda Rajapaksa’s Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP), issued a letter prohibiting Muslim traders from doing business at the Dankotuwa weekly fair, ostensibly because people objected to Muslim traders doing business at the site. However, police stepped in to cancel the move and filed a complaint against the PS chairman for his illegal order.  

Chief Prelate of Asigiri Chapter Warakagoda Sri Gnanarathana, representing one of Sri Lanka’s highest Buddhist authority, presented one of the worst manifestation of Islam-phobia. According to a BBC report, the Prelate addressing a gathering said “I also ask people to avoid those (Muslim) shops. Do not eat or drink from these shops. Because it is a common notion,” he said, adding “It can be clearly seen that they are attempting to destroy our people by giving poison.” In an obvious reference to Dr Shafi’s case, the monk said the doctor who ‘destroyed hundreds and thousands of children’ should be stoned. He said a group of women had said the doctor should be stoned to death. “I don’t say that. But, that is what needs to be done,” he added.

While political leaders including President Sirisena chose to ignore the prelate’s hate speech, Finance Minister Mangala Samaraweera in a statement called upon “true Buddhists” to unite against the “talibanisation” of the religion.  Diplomats from the member countries of the Organisation of Islamic Countries (OIC) called upon the President and urged him to ensure safety of the Muslim community in the face of hate speeches of some senior politicians and a section of the clergy. President Sirisena while assuring them of the safety of all the citizens, said that current utterances of some interested parties were due to the prevailing political situation in view of the forthcoming election.
Political posturing 

President Sirisena seems to have been overwhelmed by the continuing political impasse. Addressing a meeting of media heads, he insisted that the 19th amendment must be abolished before the next presidential elections as it had become “a curse” to the country. The President said that it had created political instability prevailing in the country. He added "I doubt whether the 19th amendment was drafted by a group of legal experts or a bunch of ignorant people." The President said the amendment had been drafted due to the request of some non-governmental organizations.
The President seems to have forgotten that he had persuaded some sections within the SLFP faction in the government who had reservations about the 19th Amendment, to vote for it in April 2015.  The 19th Amendment was introduced to reduce the Executive President abusing his power and be more accountable to parliament. Though it is not perfect, its relevance was demonstrated during the October 201 constitutional crisis, when the President tried to remove the PM without a vote of confidence in parliament. His criticism of the 19th Amendment only reveals his frustration in continuing to work with PM Wickremesinghe.

However, unmindful of these negative developments, forthcoming presidential election seems to be the preoccupation of many political leaders. Former President Rajapaksa seems to be undecided in choosing between Chamal and Gotabaya as the SLPP’s presidential candidate.  The SLPP has scheduled a meeting on August 11 to choose its candidate. President Sirisena’s dilemma in contesting the presidential election seems to be unresolved. The UNP is yet to finalise its candidate from three possible contenders. In the coming months, if the government is not vigilant, chances of political confrontation getting out of hand and turn into ethnic  confrontation are there. 

Col R Hariharan, a retired MI officer, served as the head of Intelligence of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka from 1987 to 90. He is associated with the Chennai Centre for China Studies, South Asia Analysis Group and the International Law and Strategic Analysis